Protocolos de rehabilitación cardiaca mediante realidad virtual: revisión sistemática / Virtual reality protocols in cardiac rehabilitation: systematic review

Resumen Introducción El desarrollo de protocolos de rehabilitación cardiaca tradicional proporciona grandes beneficios para la salud a pesar de las limitaciones espaciales y funcionales que generan. Los sistemas de realidad virtual han sido objeto de gran interés en la rehabilitación cardiaca debido a los beneficios que aportan, a la motivación de los pacientes y a la reducción de los plazos. Objetivo Evaluar la eficacia de los sistemas de realidad virtual en la aplicación de programas de rehabilitación cardiaca. Método: Se realizó una revisión sistemática sobre el uso de los sistemas de realidad virtual en rehabilitación cardiaca y su efecto. En la búsqueda se incluyeron las bases de datos Scopus, Sport-Discus, PubMed-Medline, Web of Science y Dialnet. Resultados De 280 artículos identificados, ocho fueron escogidos de acuerdo con los criterios de inclusión. Un total de 872 pacientes fueron analizados. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas a favor de las terapias con realidad virtual, en la adherencia y en mejores niveles de los indicadores de capacidad y de potencia aeróbica. Conclusiones Se confirma que la aplicación de sistemas de realidad virtual en programas de rehabilitación cardiaca favorece la adherencia al programa y genera mejoras en los indicadores físicos.

Abstract Introduction The development of traditional cardiac rehabilitation protocols provides great health benefits despite the spatial and functional limitations that they generate. Virtual reality systems have been the object of great interest in cardiac rehabilitation due to the benefits they provide, the motivation of patients and the reduction of time limits. Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of virtual reality systems in the application of cardiac rehabilitation programs. Method A systematic review was carried out to evaluate the use of virtual reality systems in cardiac rehabilitation programs. The search included databases such as Scopus, Sport-Discus, PubMed-Medline, Web of Science, and Dialnet. Results Of 280 identified articles, eight were chosen based on the inclusion criteria. A total of 872 patients were analyzed. The results changed differences in favor of virtual reality therapies, in the motivation to develop the program, reduction in hospitalization time, better levels of capacity and aerobic power markers. Conclusions We can confirm the evidence of the application of virtual reality technologies in cardiac rehabilitation programs causing improvements in aerobic capacity, vital capacity or in the level of effort that patients with cardiac pathology endure.

Hematological detraining-related changes among elderly individuals with high blood pressure

SUMMARY AIM The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of detraining on physical performance, blood pressure, biologic and anthropometric variables of hypertensive elderly individuals, grouped by two levels of previous physical activity. METHODS A total of 87 elderly individuals (70 to 93 years old) with systolic/diastolic blood pressure levels above 120/80 mmHg who participated during 18 non-consecutive months in 2 years in physical exercise programs offered in northern Portugal communities were included in the study. Tests were performed before and after three months of no exercise. Attendance to the exercise sessions, hematological markers, cardiorespiratory function, and anthropometric variables were assessed. The results were analyzed according to the fulfillment of the WHO recommendations on moderate physical activity (at least 150 minutes/week). RESULTS Weight, total cholesterol, and glucose were influenced by the amount of physical activity performed previously to the detraining period. After the detraining period, the total cholesterol, glucose, insulin, and weight had significant differences influenced by the amount of physical activity previously performed (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The number of minutes per week of aerobic and resistance exercise training over 18 non-consecutive months was not a significant determinant factor in the development of hypertension during the three months of detraining.

RESUMO OBJETIVO O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar os efeitos da desvalorização do desempenho físico, da pressão arterial e das variáveis bioquímicas e antropométricas dos idosos hipertensivos, dependendo de duas categorias de atividade física prévia. MÉTODOS Foram incluídos no estudo 87 idosos (70 a 93 anos) com níveis de pressão arterial sistólica/diastólica superiores a 120/80 mmHg que participaram durante 18 meses não consecutivos em dois anos em programas de exercício físico. Os testes foram realizados antes e depois de três meses sem programas de exercícios. Foram avaliados a frequência das sessões de exercício, marcadores hematológicos, função cardiorrespiratória e parâmetros antropométricos. Os resultados foram analisados de acordo com o cumprimento das recomendações da OMS sobre atividade física moderada (pelo menos 150 minutos/semana). RESULTADOS O peso, o colesterol total e a glicose foram influenciados pela quantidade de atividade física realizada previamente ao período de destreinamento. Posteriormente, o colesterol total, a glicose, a insulina e o peso apresentaram diferenças significativas influenciadas pela quantidade de atividade física previamente realizada (p<0,05). CONCLUSÕES O número de minutos por semana de treinamento aeróbico e de exercícios resistidos durante 18 meses não consecutivos não foi um fator determinante significativo na evolução da hipertensão durante os três meses de destreinamento.

Construct Validity of the Spanish Version of the CHAMPS Questionnaire for institutionalized patients over 65 years old

Abstract This study investigates the construct validity of the Spanish version of the CHAMPS questionnaire with institutionalized older adults between the ages of 74 and 90. Seven days of accelerometer data were collected from 52 participants (mean age 82.40 ± 8.26 years), followed by the administration of CHAMPS. The Barthel Index and the Chair Stand Test were used to assess functional independence and fitness levels. The four scores yielded by CHAMPS showed a low-to-moderate agreement with the data derived from the accelerometer (r=0.253-0.385) and with the Barthel Index (r=0.313-0.519), but no association was established with fitness levels. Additionally, no significant correlations were observed between CHAMPS and the accelerometer when cognitive impairment was considered. The results imply that the Spanish version of CHAMPS shows construct validity to estimate the amount of physical activity performed by institutionalized older adults without cognitive impairment.(AU)